Dementia most commonly affects older adults, and there are many different types. The most common type is Alzheimer’s disease, but other types include Vascular Dementia, Lewy Body Dementia, and Frontotemporal Dementia, among others.

Each type of dementia can have different signs and symptoms. This is why a comprehensive assessment is essential to provide person-centred care —an approach that tailors support to the individual's specific needs.

Managing Dementia Symptoms

Non-drug approaches (also called non-pharmacological management ) can be highly effective in addressing certain dementia symptoms. However, different types of dementia may require different strategies:

1. Alzheimer’s disease: Cognitive Stimulation Therapy (structured activities that engage thinking and memory) can be helpful.
2. Vascular Dementia: Managing hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetes, and cholesterol is key to preventing further damage to the brain. Low mood is also a common challenge.
3. Lewy Body Dementia: Special attention is needed to manage motor symptoms (movement issues), cognitive decline, sleep problems, and hallucinations. Certain medications, such as some antipsychotics, should be avoided (see NICE Guidelines and National Guideline No. 21).
4. Frontotemporal Dementia: This type often causes significant behavioural changes, requiring support from occupational therapy and behavioural management strategies.
5. Mixed Dementia (a combination of two or more types): A blend of different therapies is often required.

Dementia care is a specialised form of caregiving that helps people live with as much comfort and dignity as possible.

Understanding Dementia Symptoms

The symptoms of dementia can be grouped into three categories:

1. Cognition (Thinking & Memory): How the brain processes information, including memory, problem-solving, and decision-making.
2. Non-Cognitive Symptoms (Mood & Behaviour): Emotional and psychological symptoms such as anxiety, depression, agitation, and hallucinations.
3. Functional Abilities (Daily Tasks & Movement): The ability to carry out everyday activities like dressing, eating, and walking safely.

(Below, an image outlines common symptoms in these three categories - it is not an exhaustive list)